Nine generally similar Australian races. Races interbreed and some are migratory; most Tasmanian birds migrate to the mainland to winter, moving as far north as Brisbane, Qld. Southeastern birds move northward. WA birds move locally and Northern birds are sedentary. Usually seen in small flocks. Group actively moves through feeding area in unison, maintaining contact with constant calling. 

Widespread. Eucalypt woodlands, coastal heaths, mallee, mangroves, parks and gardens.